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EEG, EMG, ECG, EOG: A Complete Guide to Biosignal Monitoring

A comprehensive guide to biosignal monitoring types including EEG, EMG, ECG, and EOG. Compare each signal type, their applications, and the future of biosignal technology.

Published: July 10, 2026 — STARGE Team

What Is Biosignal Monitoring?

Biosignal monitoring involves measuring and analyzing biological signals from the human body. Four fundamental biosignal types are most commonly used in medical diagnosis and research:

EEG (Electroencephalography)

Measures the brain's electrical activity through electrodes placed on the scalp.

  • Applications: Epilepsy diagnosis, sleep disorders, brain-computer interfaces
  • Signal Characteristics: Low amplitude (5-300 µV), 0.5-100 Hz frequency range

EMG (Electromyography)

Records the electrical activity of skeletal muscles to assess neuromuscular health.

  • Applications: Muscle disorders, rehabilitation monitoring, prosthetic control
  • Signal Characteristics: Medium amplitude (50 µV - 5 mV), 10-500 Hz frequency range

ECG/EKG (Electrocardiography)

Captures the heart's electrical activity, the gold standard for cardiovascular assessment.

  • Applications: Cardiac arrhythmia detection, remote patient monitoring
  • Signal Characteristics: High amplitude (1-5 mV), 0.05-100 Hz frequency range

EOG (Electrooculography)

Measures eye movement by recording the electrical potential difference between the cornea and retina.

  • Applications: REM sleep analysis, eye tracking systems
  • Signal Characteristics: Low frequency (DC - 50 Hz)

Multi-Channel Biosignal Monitoring with BioVector

STARGE's BioVector simultaneously captures all four signal types in a single 4-channel system. Its wireless architecture and portable design bring clinical-grade measurements out of the lab and into real-world environments.

Learn more about our biosignal monitoring technology on the BioVector page.

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